1. Pressure drainage pipes at municipal pump station outlets, and gravity drainage pipelines with extremely high groundwater levels (groundwater level higher than the pipe crown);
2. Severely damaged aged pipelines with failed original structures, where the old pipes can no longer bear loads and the lining must independently withstand pressure;
3. Pipelines passing under railways, rivers or soft soil foundations with large foundation settlement, requiring the lining to independently resist external and internal pressure;
4. Rehabilitation of sewage lift pipes, intermediate pressurized drainage pipelines and high-pressure-bearing drainage pipe networks in coastal areas;
5. Renovation projects of aged pipe networks with severe water seepage through pipe joints and continuous groundwater inflow into the pipe cavity.

















